miércoles, 11 de noviembre de 2020

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Estados Unidos ha ejercido durante años el odioso papel de observador electoral desde el lugar común de la democracia más antigua del mundo. Hace apenas unas semanas el secretario de estado Mike Pompeo le daba el visto bueno a la elección en Bolivia: “Reconocemos al presidente del Tribunal Supremo Electoral, Salvador Romero, y a todas las autoridades electorales de Bolivia por supervisar este proceso creíble…”. De modo que produce gracia verlos contar sus votos, con parsimonia y ahogo, en sobres que el presidente considera mal sellados y peor marcados. Y es inevitable recordar los “errores telegráficos” que alegó la Registraduría colombiana hace cincuenta años cuando Misael Pastrana pasó a Rojas Pinilla en una noche con el país sonámbulo.

Ver a los Estados Unidos observado por misiones internacionales, y burlado por los ciudadanos de las democracias que han llamado precarias produce un poco de alivio. Urszula Gacek es el nombre de la política polaca en uso de buen retiro que lideró la misión de la Organización para la Seguridad y la Cooperación en Europa para darle una mirada a las elecciones del pasado 3 de noviembre. Según ella era la cita más desafiante de las últimas décadas. Sus declaraciones dejan, en general, bien parado el engorroso sistema electoral norteamericano: “No hemos encontrado evidencia de irregularidades sistemáticas con este sistema, a pesar de esta prueba de estrés extrema a la que se sometió. No digo que sea perfecto, y hay problemas de larga data que deben abordarse. Uno de ellos es el acceso de observadores nacionales, para hacerlo más transparente”. En 18 estados se restringe ese control ciudadano. Según Gacek los grandes temores estaban en la posible intimidación a los votantes y la falta de personal para contar los votos de una elección con una votación atípica en participación y en la forma de participar. Unas llamadas automáticas que invitaban a la gente a quedarse en casa y estar a salvo, un juego para que los electores más despistados perdieran su “vuelo” en las urnas fue la anécdota más llamativa. Pero lo verdaderamente peligroso, según el informe de 24 páginas que lideró Gacek, fue la intención del presidente de socavar la confianza de los electores con acusaciones de fraude que no tienen evidencia alguna.

El sistema electoral gringo no solo es arrevesado y caótico si no que está lleno de leguleyadas para hacer el voto más difícil, para sacar del tablero a quienes pueden marcar en forma indeseada por los mandamases en cada estado. Una sentencia de la Corte Suprema en 2013 permitió que estados y condados pudieran cambiar sus leyes electorales sin una autorización del poder federal, una condición que dictada por la ley de derecho de 1965. Ahora los mandatarios recortan puestos de votación (para hacer más largas las filas donde votan mayoritariamente sus adversarios), imponen pagos y padrones electorales que alejan las urnas, anulan votos por marcas casi imperceptibles (una letra de más, un acento perdido en un registro), niegan el voto a exconvictos. Hasta hace poco el 20% de los afroamericanos mayores de edad en La Florida no podían votar por haber sido condenados en algún momento de su vida. Solo una consulta popular logró devolverles su derecho.

Paradójicamente las limitaciones de movilidad que dictó la pandemia impulsaron como nunca el voto anticipado y por correo, mecanismos a los que dio fuerza Bill Clinton desde 1992. La votación más alta desde 1900 fue marcada por la epidemia más brava desde 1919, y tal vez por los señalamientos de Trump al voto por correo que hicieron el buzón más atractivo que nunca, una doble afrenta al presidente. Extraña elección, con una derrota marcada hace semanas y la vieja incertidumbre de las cartas perdidas.


38 comentarios:

  1. Ha sido un poco traumatizante ver estas elecciones. Después del desastre de 2016, cuando Cheeto le ganó a Hillary por un pelo (y por las contradicciones del racista Colegio Electoral) este ańo me he mordido las uñas hasta la piel esperando el recuento de votos. Era de esperar que los demócratas votaran por correo, por eso los republicanos se trataron de asegurar de que fuera tan difícil como fuera posible que lo hicieran. No les conviene que la gente (trabajadores y sin riqueza) tengan una voz. Y ahora Chinga tu Pelo sigue negando que Joe Biden ha ganado. Pues que lo haga, porque la realidad es otra.

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